Supporting the Government’s efforts in the Indo-Pacific’s Grey Zone: Opportunities and Strategies for the Australian Army.

Grey zone activities present a significant threat to regional stability and prosperity in the Indo-Pacific region, which constitutes Australia’s primary area of military interest. While such activities are escalating in prevalence and complexity on a global scale, Beijing’s grey zone activities, particularly within its primary sphere of influence—the Indo-Pacific region—constitute the most immediate threat to Australia’s national security. The Australian Government’s 2024 National Defence Strategy[1] (NDS) underscores the complexities inherent in Australia’s strategic environment, particularly marked by the interplay of strategic competition between the United States and China, especially within the Indo-Pacific region.[2] Further, it also acknowledges that this environment is complicated by additional security risks, notably grey zone activities.[3]