TY - JOUR
T1 - Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of chatbots on lifestyle behaviours
AU - Singh, Ben
AU - Olds, Tim
AU - Brinsley, Jacinta
AU - Dumuid, Dot
AU - Virgara, Rosa
AU - Matricciani, Lisa
AU - Watson, Amanda
AU - Szeto, Kimberley
AU - Eglitis, Emily
AU - Miatke, Aaron
AU - Simpson, Catherine EM
AU - Vandelanotte, Corneel
AU - Maher, Carol
PY - 2023/6/23
Y1 - 2023/6/23
N2 - Chatbots (also known as conversational agents and virtual assistants) offer the potential to deliver healthcare in an efficient, appealing and personalised manner. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of chatbot interventions designed to improve physical activity, diet and sleep. Electronic databases were searched for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, and pre-post trials that evaluated chatbot interventions targeting physical activity, diet and/or sleep, published before 1 September 2022. Outcomes were total physical activity, steps, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep quality and sleep duration. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated to compare intervention effects. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess chatbot type, intervention type, duration, output and use of artificial intelligence. Risk of bias was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Nineteen trials were included. Sample sizes ranged between 25–958, and mean participant age ranged between 9–71 years. Most interventions (n = 15, 79%) targeted physical activity, and most trials had a low-quality rating (n = 14, 74%). Meta-analysis results showed significant effects (all p
AB - Chatbots (also known as conversational agents and virtual assistants) offer the potential to deliver healthcare in an efficient, appealing and personalised manner. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of chatbot interventions designed to improve physical activity, diet and sleep. Electronic databases were searched for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials, and pre-post trials that evaluated chatbot interventions targeting physical activity, diet and/or sleep, published before 1 September 2022. Outcomes were total physical activity, steps, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep quality and sleep duration. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated to compare intervention effects. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess chatbot type, intervention type, duration, output and use of artificial intelligence. Risk of bias was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Nineteen trials were included. Sample sizes ranged between 25–958, and mean participant age ranged between 9–71 years. Most interventions (n = 15, 79%) targeted physical activity, and most trials had a low-quality rating (n = 14, 74%). Meta-analysis results showed significant effects (all p
KW - chatbots
KW - lifestyle behaviours
KW - systematic review
KW - meta-analysis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85162978732&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41746-023-00856-1
DO - 10.1038/s41746-023-00856-1
M3 - Review article
SN - 2398-6352
VL - 6
JO - npj Digital Medicine
JF - npj Digital Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - 118
ER -