TY - JOUR
T1 - The burden of metabolic risk factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990–2019
T2 - Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study
AU - Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza
AU - Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
AU - Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi
AU - Khanali, Javad
AU - Heidari-Foroozan, Mahsa
AU - Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi
AU - Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza
AU - Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba
AU - Rezaei, Negar
AU - Shobeiri, Parnian
AU - Esfahani, Zahra
AU - Rezaei, Nazila
AU - GBD 2019 North Africa and the Middle East MRF Collaborators
AU - Mokdad, Ali H.
AU - Naghavi, Mohsen
AU - Larijani, Bagher
AU - Farzadfar, Farshad
AU - Aali, Amirali
AU - Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
AU - Abdoun, Meriem
AU - Absalan, Abdorrahim
AU - Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
AU - Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E
AU - Abu-Zaid, Ahmed
AU - Ahmadi, Ali
AU - Ahmadi, Sepideh
AU - Ahmed, Ayman
AU - Rashid, Tarik Ahmed
AU - Ajami, Marjan
AU - Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa
AU - Al Hamad, Hanadi
AU - Alalwan, Tariq A.
AU - Alhabib, Khalid F.
AU - Alimohamadi, Yousef
AU - Alipour, Vahid
AU - Aljunid, Syed Mohamed
AU - Alomari, Mahmoud A.
AU - Alqahatni, Saleh A.
AU - Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.
AU - Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad
AU - Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad
AU - Amiri, Sohrab
AU - Anvari, Davood
AU - Arabloo, Jalal
AU - Arulappan, Judie
AU - Arumugam, Ashokan
AU - Aryan, Zahra
AU - Athar, Mohammad
AU - Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin
AU - Avan, Abolfazl
AU - Azadnajafabad, Sina
AU - Azari, Samad
AU - Azizi, Hosein
AU - Baghcheghi, Nayereh
AU - Bagheri, Nader
AU - Bagherieh, Sara
AU - Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin
AU - Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
AU - Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S.
AU - Bouaoud, Souad
AU - Butt, Muhammad Hammad
AU - Campos, Luciana Aparecida
AU - Chitheer, Abdulaal
AU - Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza Darvishi
AU - Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
AU - Djalalinia, Shirin
AU - Dodangeh, Milad
AU - El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa
AU - Elbarazi, Iffat
AU - Elhadi, Muhammed
AU - El-Huneidi, Waseem
AU - Ezzeddini, Rana
AU - Fareed, Mohammad
AU - Farrokhpour, Hossein
AU - Fatehizadeh, Ali
AU - Galali, Yaseen
AU - Ghaderi, Amir
AU - Ghafourifard, Mansour
AU - Nour, Mohammad Ghasemi
AU - Ghashghaee, Ahmad
AU - Gholamalizadeh, Maryam
AU - Goleij, Pouya
AU - Golitaleb, Mohamad
AU - Habibzadeh, Parham
AU - Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
AU - Halwani, Rabih
AU - Hasani, Hamidreza
AU - Hashemian, Maryam
AU - Hassan, Amr
AU - Hassanipour, Soheil
AU - Hassankhani, Hadi
AU - Hezam, Kamal
AU - Homayounfar, Reza
AU - Hosseini, Seyed Kianoosh
AU - Hosseini, Kaveh
AU - Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
AU - Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh
AU - Jaafari, Jalil
AU - Jahrami, Haitham
AU - Jamshidi, Elham
AU - Javaheri, Tahereh
AU - Jayapal, Sathish Kumar
AU - Kabir, Ali
AU - Karimi, Amirali
AU - Kaydi, Neda
AU - Keykhaei, Mohammad
AU - Khader, Yousef Saleh
AU - Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif
AU - Khan, Moien A.B.
AU - Khan, Kashif Ullah
AU - Khan, Yusra H.
AU - Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad
AU - Kompani, Farzad
AU - Koohestani, Hamid Reza
AU - Kuddus, Mohammed
AU - Lasrado, Savita
AU - Lee, Sang-woong
AU - Mahjoub, Soleiman
AU - Mahmoodpoor, Ata
AU - Mahmoudi, Elham
AU - Rad, Elaheh Malakan
AU - Malih, Narges
AU - Malik, Ahmad Azam
AU - Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
AU - Manla, Yosef
AU - Mansouri, Borhan
AU - Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
AU - Mardi, Parham
AU - Marjani, Abdoljalal
AU - Masoudi, Sahar
AU - Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi
AU - Menezes, Ritesh G.
AU - Mevsim, Vildan
AU - Mohammad, Yousef
AU - Mohammadi, Mokhtar
AU - Mohammadi, Esmaeil
AU - Mohammadifard, Noushin
AU - Mohammed, Arif
AU - Momtazmanesh, Sara
AU - Montazeri, Fateme
AU - Moradi, Maryam
AU - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
AU - Morovatdar, Negar
AU - Murray, Christopher J.L.
AU - Natto, Zuhair S.
AU - Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria
AU - Nowroozi, Ali
AU - Oladnabi, Morteza
AU - Bali, Ahmed Omar
AU - Omer, Emad
AU - Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki
AU - Pezzani, Raffaele
AU - Langroudi, Ashkan Pourabhari
AU - Rafiei, Sima
AU - Rahimi, Mehran
AU - Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
AU - Rahmani, Shayan
AU - Rahmani, Amir Masoud
AU - Rahmanian, Vahid
AU - Rao, Chythra R.
AU - Rashedi, Sina
AU - Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi
AU - Rawassizadeh, Reza
AU - Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
AU - Rezaee, Malihe
AU - Rezaei, Maryam
AU - Riahi, Seyed Mohammad
AU - Roshandel, Gholamreza
AU - Saad, Aly M A
AU - Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed
AU - Sabour, Siamak
AU - Sabzmakan, Leila
AU - Saddik, Basema
AU - Sadeghi, Erfan
AU - Sadeghian, Saeid
AU - Sahebkar, Amirhossein
AU - Saki, Morteza
AU - Salahi, Saina
AU - Salahi, Sarvenaz
AU - Farrokhi, Amir Salek
AU - Salem, Marwa Rashad
AU - Salimzadeh, Hamideh
AU - Samy, Abdallah M.
AU - Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
AU - Sathian, Brijesh
AU - Shafeghat, Melika
AU - Shah, Syed Mahboob
AU - Shah, Jaffer
AU - Shahbandi, Ataollah
AU - Shahraki-Sanavi, Fariba
AU - Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran
AU - Shanawaz, Mohd
AU - Sharafi, Kiomars
AU - Sharifi-Rad, Javad
AU - Shetty, Jeevan K.
AU - Varniab, Zahra Shokri
AU - Shorofi, Seyed Afshin
AU - Siabani, Soraya
AU - Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh
AU - Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha
AU - Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir
AU - Tabish, Mohammad
AU - Taheri, Majid
AU - Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri
AU - Soodejani, Moslem Taheri
AU - Taherkhani, Amir
AU - Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash
AU - Temsah, Mohamad Hani
AU - Tigabu, Bereket M.
AU - Vakilian, Alireza
AU - Vaziri, Siavash
AU - Vo, Bay
AU - Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh
AU - Yigit, Arzu
AU - Yiğit, Vahit
AU - Zahir, Mazyar
AU - Zaman, Burhan Abdullah
AU - Zamanian, Maryam
AU - Zangiabadian, Moein
AU - Zare, Iman
AU - Zareshahrabadi, Zahra
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the trends of exposure and burden attributable to the four main metabolic risk factors, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The data were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Summary exposure value (SEV) was used for risk factor exposure. Burden attributable to each risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings: While age-standardized death rate (ASDR) attributable to high-LDL and high-SBP decreased by 26.5% (18.6–35.2) and 23.4% (15.9–31.5) over 1990–2019, respectively, high-BMI with 5.1% (−9.0–25.9) and high-FPG with 21.4% (7.0–37.4) change, grew in ASDR. Moreover, age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high-LDL and high-SBP declined by 30.2% (20.9–39.0) and 25.2% (16.8–33.9), respectively. The attributable age-standardized DALY rate of high-BMI with 8.3% (−6.5–28.8) and high-FPG with 27.0% (14.3–40.8) increase, had a growing trend. Age-standardized SEVs of high-FPG, high-BMI, high-SBP, and high-LDL increased by 92.4% (82.8–103.3), 76.0% (58.9–99.3), 10.4% (3.8–18.0), and 5.5% (4.3–7.1), respectively. Interpretation: The burden attributed to high-SBP and high-LDL decreased during the 1990–2019 period in the region, while the attributable burden of high-FPG and high-BMI increased. Alarmingly, exposure to all four risk factors increased in the past three decades. There has been significant heterogeneity among the countries in the region regarding the trends of exposure and attributable burden. Urgent action is required at the individual, community, and national levels in terms of introducing effective strategies for prevention and treatment that account for local and socioeconomic factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
AB - Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the trends of exposure and burden attributable to the four main metabolic risk factors, including high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high body-mass index (BMI), and high low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL) in North Africa and the Middle East from 1990 to 2019. Methods: The data were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Summary exposure value (SEV) was used for risk factor exposure. Burden attributable to each risk factor was incorporated in the population attributable fraction to estimate the total attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings: While age-standardized death rate (ASDR) attributable to high-LDL and high-SBP decreased by 26.5% (18.6–35.2) and 23.4% (15.9–31.5) over 1990–2019, respectively, high-BMI with 5.1% (−9.0–25.9) and high-FPG with 21.4% (7.0–37.4) change, grew in ASDR. Moreover, age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high-LDL and high-SBP declined by 30.2% (20.9–39.0) and 25.2% (16.8–33.9), respectively. The attributable age-standardized DALY rate of high-BMI with 8.3% (−6.5–28.8) and high-FPG with 27.0% (14.3–40.8) increase, had a growing trend. Age-standardized SEVs of high-FPG, high-BMI, high-SBP, and high-LDL increased by 92.4% (82.8–103.3), 76.0% (58.9–99.3), 10.4% (3.8–18.0), and 5.5% (4.3–7.1), respectively. Interpretation: The burden attributed to high-SBP and high-LDL decreased during the 1990–2019 period in the region, while the attributable burden of high-FPG and high-BMI increased. Alarmingly, exposure to all four risk factors increased in the past three decades. There has been significant heterogeneity among the countries in the region regarding the trends of exposure and attributable burden. Urgent action is required at the individual, community, and national levels in terms of introducing effective strategies for prevention and treatment that account for local and socioeconomic factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
KW - Global burden of disease
KW - High body-mass index
KW - High fasting plasma glucose
KW - High systolic blood pressure
KW - High-LDL
KW - Metabolic risk factors
KW - North Africa and the Middle East
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85165710987&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102022
DO - 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102022
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85165710987
SN - 2589-5370
VL - 60
SP - 1
EP - 13
JO - EClinicalMedicine
JF - EClinicalMedicine
M1 - 102022
ER -