The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: Establishing invariance between gender across the lifespan in a large community based study

Objective The current study sought to examine the measurement invariance of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) between gender across the lifespan. Methods Data was drawn from three cohorts (aged 28–32, 48–52 and 68–72 years), who had participated in the PATH study from Canberra, Australia. Results Whilst some gender and age differences on item means and variances were reported, measurement invariance of a single CD-RISC factor between gender across the lifespan was mostly supported. Discussion Overall, a single CD-RISC factor was found to be invariant across the lifespan and between gender. Consequently, within an Australian community setting, the CD-RISC can generally be utilised across age and gender.