The effect of low-fidelity endoscopic sinus surgery simulators on surgical skill

Background: Surgical training models are being increasingly used to provide an environment for surgical trainees to improve their skills without risk to patients. This study uses previously validated, inexpensive, low-fidelity training models to determine how pretraining affects endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) skills. Methods: Fourteen Otolaryngology residents were randomized to 1 of 2 groups that were stratified for training level. The first group took part in a pretraining session where they practiced on all 5 different modules whereas the second group did not receive any pretraining. The following day, all participants took part in a cadaveric ESS course. Participants were instructed to complete a set of tasks and their performances were videotaped. The videos were then evaluated using a Global Rating Scale (GRS) and a Task-Specific Checklist (TSC). The performances of those who trained using the models were compared to the performances of those who did not. Results: The intervention (pretraining) group performed better than the nonintervention (no pretraining) group on the cadaveric ESS tasks (p < 0.05). As well, there was a statistical difference between the senior residents who had the pretraining with the simulator models performing better than those who did not. Conclusion: The modules appear to have made a positive impact on ESS skills. These low-cost, easily-constructed training modules have the potential to be integrated into Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery resident training. Assessment of long-term training effects with a larger number of participants is planned for future studies.