The Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Subclinical Target Organ Damage in Patients With Resistant Hypertension

Mireia Dalmases, Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Dolores Martinez, Olga Minguez, Rafaela Vaca, Lydia Pascual, Maria Aguilá, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, Ivan D. Benitez, Lucía Pinilla, Anunciación Cortijo, Clara Gort-Paniello, Ramon Bascompte Claret, Miguel Ángel Martinez-Garcia, Olga Mediano, Sofía Romero Peralta, Ana Maria Fortuna-Gutierrez, Paola Ponte Marquez, Luciano F. Drager, Mayara CabriniJuan Fernando Masa, Jaime Corral Peñafiel, Susana Vázquez, Jorge Abad, Francisco García-Rio, Raquel Casitas, Chi Hang Lee, Ferran Barbé, Gerard Torres

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Among all patients with hypertension, those with resistant hypertension (RH) have the highest rates of subclinical organ damage (SOD). The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is high in RH patients, and it could contribute to SOD. We aimed to investigate how OSA and its treatment are related to SOD in a large cohort of RH patients. 

Methods: This is an ancillary analysis to the SARAH study, a multicentre observational cohort aiming to evaluate the impact of OSA on RH. Individuals with RH who were undergoing a sleep study and have information on at least one of the SOD variables (vascular, cardiac or renal damage) were selected. Patients were followed-up for three years. 

Results: In total, 503 subjects were included. The participants were predominantly male, obese, and the median (IQR) apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was 15.5 (7.90–31.5) events/h. No differences in the presence of vascular or cardiac damage were observed between OSA and non-OSA patients. A lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was observed in participants with OSA than in those without OSA, with an adjusted effect of −8.69 mL/min/1.73 m2 (−13.59, −3.79; p value < 0.001). Kidney damage was also greater in subjects with OSA, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.77 (1.09, 2.87; p value = 0.02). The eGFR showed a linear dose–response relationship with OSA severity. Among patients treated with CPAP, lower eGFR values were observed in noncompliant subjects. 

Conclusions: OSA could contribute to worsening renal function in patients with RH. No compliance with CPAP was associated with lower values of eGFR.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)147-155
Number of pages9
JournalArchivos de Bronconeumologia
Volume61
Issue number3
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Mar 2025
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Continuous positive airway pressure
  • Glomerular filtration rate
  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Renal function
  • Resistant hypertension
  • Subclinical organ damage

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