The effect of triclosan on posttranslational modification of proteins through citrullination and carbamylation

Objectives: The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of triclosan on citrullination and carbamylation, two important protein posttranslational modifications associated with inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. 

Materials and methods: A range of triclosan concentrations were incubated in the presence of appropriate substrates used for the generation of either citrullinated or carbamylated proteins. The effect of triclosan on protein citrullination and carbamylation in macrophages was also assessed. 

Results: Citrullination and carbamylation were both significantly decreased by triclosan at concentrations six times lower than the 0.3% triclosan approved by the FDA to use in mouthwash and toothpaste. When macrophages were exposed to triclosan, carbamylation was significantly deceased (p = 0.01), and while citrullination also decreased, this reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). 

Conclusion: Triclosan reduced the generation of protein citrullination and carbamylation in vitro. 

Clinical relevance: Triclosan may be useful as an adjunct therapy in the management of inflammatory periodontal diseases and help to reduce posttranslational protein modification citrullination and carbamylation) in these tissues.