The impact of different approaches during invasive treatment procedures on patients and nursing staff

Both atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are prevalent cardiac conditions that are often accompanied by other cardiovascular comorbidities and both conditions share cardiovascular risk factors. Treatment of patients with both AF and HF is often challenging and multifaceted. In particular, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for pacing and management of AF state that the option of an invasive procedure such as atrioventricular junctional ablation should be considered once pharmacological treatment fails. Such procedure implies that patients will receive a pacemaker to control the frequency of the heart rate.