TY - JOUR
T1 - The influence of birthweight, past poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and current body mass index on levels of albuminuria in young adults
T2 - The multideterminant model of renal disease in a remote Australian Aboriginal population with high rates of renal disease and renal failure
AU - Hoy, Wendy E.
AU - White, Andrew V.
AU - Tipiloura, Bernard
AU - Singh, Gurmeet R.
AU - Sharma, Suresh
AU - Bloomfield, Hilary
AU - Swanson, Cheryl E.
AU - Dowling, Alison
AU - McCredie, David A.
PY - 2016/6
Y1 - 2016/6
N2 - Background Australian Aborigines in remote areas have very high rates of kidney disease, which is marked by albuminuria. We describe a 'multihit' model of albuminuria in young adults in one remote Aboriginal community. MethodsUrinary albumin/creatinine ratios (ACRs) were measured in 655 subjects aged 15-39 years and evaluated in the context of birthweights, a history of 'remote' poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN; ≥5 years earlier) and current body mass index (BMI). Birthweight had been <2.5 kg (low birthweight, LBW) in 25.4% of subjects and 22.8% had a remote history of PSGN. ResultsACR levels rose with age. It exceeded the microalbuminuria threshold in 33.6% of subjects overall (25% of males and 45% of females). In multivariate models, birthweight (inversely), remote PSGN and current BMI were all independent predictors of ACR levels. The effects of birthweight and PSGN and their combination were expressed through amplification of ACR levels in relation to age and around the group median BMI of 20.8 kg/m2. In people with BMI <20.8 (57.8% of all males and 40.3% of the females), LBW and PSGN alone had minimal effects on ACR, but in combination they strikingly amplified ACR in relation to age. Those with BMI ≥20.8 (which included 42.2% of the males and 59.7% of the females) had higher ACR levels, and both LBW and a PSGN history, separately and in combination, were associated with striking further amplification of ACR in the context of age. ConclusionMuch of the great excess of disease in this population is explained by high rates of the early life risk factors, LBW and PSGN. Their effects are expressed through amplification of ACR in the context of increasing age and are further moderated by levels of current body size. Both early life risk factors are potentially modifiable.
AB - Background Australian Aborigines in remote areas have very high rates of kidney disease, which is marked by albuminuria. We describe a 'multihit' model of albuminuria in young adults in one remote Aboriginal community. MethodsUrinary albumin/creatinine ratios (ACRs) were measured in 655 subjects aged 15-39 years and evaluated in the context of birthweights, a history of 'remote' poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN; ≥5 years earlier) and current body mass index (BMI). Birthweight had been <2.5 kg (low birthweight, LBW) in 25.4% of subjects and 22.8% had a remote history of PSGN. ResultsACR levels rose with age. It exceeded the microalbuminuria threshold in 33.6% of subjects overall (25% of males and 45% of females). In multivariate models, birthweight (inversely), remote PSGN and current BMI were all independent predictors of ACR levels. The effects of birthweight and PSGN and their combination were expressed through amplification of ACR levels in relation to age and around the group median BMI of 20.8 kg/m2. In people with BMI <20.8 (57.8% of all males and 40.3% of the females), LBW and PSGN alone had minimal effects on ACR, but in combination they strikingly amplified ACR in relation to age. Those with BMI ≥20.8 (which included 42.2% of the males and 59.7% of the females) had higher ACR levels, and both LBW and a PSGN history, separately and in combination, were associated with striking further amplification of ACR in the context of age. ConclusionMuch of the great excess of disease in this population is explained by high rates of the early life risk factors, LBW and PSGN. Their effects are expressed through amplification of ACR in the context of increasing age and are further moderated by levels of current body size. Both early life risk factors are potentially modifiable.
KW - Australian Aborigines
KW - chronic kidney disease
KW - low birthweight
KW - multideterminant model
KW - poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84975137614&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/921134
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/193316
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/320860
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/511081
U2 - 10.1093/ndt/gfu241
DO - 10.1093/ndt/gfu241
M3 - Article
C2 - 25061125
AN - SCOPUS:84975137614
SN - 0931-0509
VL - 31
SP - 971
EP - 977
JO - Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
JF - Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
IS - 6
ER -