TY - JOUR
T1 - The organization of sleep-wake patterns around daily schedules in college students
AU - Lu, Sinh
AU - Stone, Julia E.
AU - Klerman, Elizabeth B.
AU - McHill, Andrew W.
AU - Barger, Laura K.
AU - Robbins, Rebecca
AU - Fischer, Dorothee
AU - Sano, Akane
AU - Czeisler, Charles A.
AU - Rajaratnam, Shantha M.W.
AU - Phillips, Andrew J.K.
PY - 2024/9
Y1 - 2024/9
N2 - The amount of time available in a day is fixed, and consequently, sleep is often sacrificed for waking activities. For college students, daily activities, comprised of scheduled classes, work, study, social, and other extracurricular events, are major contributors to insufficient and poor-quality sleep. We investigated the impact of daily schedules on sleep-wake timing in 223 undergraduate students (age: 18-27 years, 37% females) from a United States university, who were monitored for ∼30 days. Sleep-wake timing and daily recorded activities (attendance at academic, studying, exercise-based, and/or extracurricular activities) were captured by a twice-daily internet-based diary. Wrist-worn actigraphy was conducted to confirm sleep-wake timing. Linear mixed models were used to quantify associations between daily schedule and sleep-wake timing at between-person and within-person levels. Later scheduled start time predicted later sleep onset (between and within: p < .001), longer sleep duration on the previous night (within: p < .001), and later wake time (between and within: p < .001). Later schedule end time predicted later sleep onset (within: p < .001) and shorter sleep duration that night (within: p < .001). For every 1 hour that activities extended beyond 10 pm, sleep onset was delayed by 15 minutes at the within-person level and 40 minutes at the between-person level, and sleep duration was shortened by 6 and 23 minutes, respectively. Increased daily documented total activity time predicted earlier wake (between and within: p < .001), later sleep onset that night (within: p < .05), and shorter sleep duration (within: p < .001). These results indicate that daily schedules are an important factor in sleep timing and duration in college students.
AB - The amount of time available in a day is fixed, and consequently, sleep is often sacrificed for waking activities. For college students, daily activities, comprised of scheduled classes, work, study, social, and other extracurricular events, are major contributors to insufficient and poor-quality sleep. We investigated the impact of daily schedules on sleep-wake timing in 223 undergraduate students (age: 18-27 years, 37% females) from a United States university, who were monitored for ∼30 days. Sleep-wake timing and daily recorded activities (attendance at academic, studying, exercise-based, and/or extracurricular activities) were captured by a twice-daily internet-based diary. Wrist-worn actigraphy was conducted to confirm sleep-wake timing. Linear mixed models were used to quantify associations between daily schedule and sleep-wake timing at between-person and within-person levels. Later scheduled start time predicted later sleep onset (between and within: p < .001), longer sleep duration on the previous night (within: p < .001), and later wake time (between and within: p < .001). Later schedule end time predicted later sleep onset (within: p < .001) and shorter sleep duration that night (within: p < .001). For every 1 hour that activities extended beyond 10 pm, sleep onset was delayed by 15 minutes at the within-person level and 40 minutes at the between-person level, and sleep duration was shortened by 6 and 23 minutes, respectively. Increased daily documented total activity time predicted earlier wake (between and within: p < .001), later sleep onset that night (within: p < .05), and shorter sleep duration (within: p < .001). These results indicate that daily schedules are an important factor in sleep timing and duration in college students.
KW - academic
KW - actigraphy
KW - daily schedule
KW - exercise
KW - extracurricular activities
KW - sleep timing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85188234916&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1093/sleep/zsad278
DO - 10.1093/sleep/zsad278
M3 - Article
C2 - 37930792
AN - SCOPUS:85188234916
SN - 0161-8105
VL - 47
JO - SLEEP
JF - SLEEP
IS - 9
M1 - zsad278
ER -