TY - JOUR
T1 - The Use of Computerised Simulation for the Training of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
AU - Carney, A. Simon
AU - Dharmawardana, Nuwan
AU - Reynolds, Karen
PY - 2016/12
Y1 - 2016/12
N2 - Purpose of Review: This review summarises the progress made in the development of computer–based simulation for the training of endoscopic sinus surgery. What are the current limitations of available simulators? What does the future hold for such technology? Recent Findings: Advances in three-dimensional image processing and highly customisable programming platforms have meant that realistic, haptic feedback enabled, computerised virtual reality simulators are now available. Several simulators have now been validated using scientific methodology. Fidelity of these simulators largely varies from high to low and evidence is lacking as to what the level of fidelity plays in the overall usefulness of a simulator. The range of surgical techniques able to be performed remains limited and introducing anatomical variables remains a challenge within this field. Summary: Whilst computerised simulation for training endoscopic sinus surgery has made major advances in the last decade, it still has significant limitations. Improvements in haptic removal of sinus tissue, introduction of variable anatomy and bleeding simulation may allow greater acceptance of this technology in the future.
AB - Purpose of Review: This review summarises the progress made in the development of computer–based simulation for the training of endoscopic sinus surgery. What are the current limitations of available simulators? What does the future hold for such technology? Recent Findings: Advances in three-dimensional image processing and highly customisable programming platforms have meant that realistic, haptic feedback enabled, computerised virtual reality simulators are now available. Several simulators have now been validated using scientific methodology. Fidelity of these simulators largely varies from high to low and evidence is lacking as to what the level of fidelity plays in the overall usefulness of a simulator. The range of surgical techniques able to be performed remains limited and introducing anatomical variables remains a challenge within this field. Summary: Whilst computerised simulation for training endoscopic sinus surgery has made major advances in the last decade, it still has significant limitations. Improvements in haptic removal of sinus tissue, introduction of variable anatomy and bleeding simulation may allow greater acceptance of this technology in the future.
KW - Computer simulation
KW - Endoscopic sinus surgery
KW - Haptics
KW - Nasendoscopy
KW - Validation
KW - Virtual reality
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100671250&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s40136-016-0136-y
DO - 10.1007/s40136-016-0136-y
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85100671250
VL - 4
SP - 276
EP - 279
JO - Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports
JF - Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports
SN - 2167-583X
IS - 4
ER -