TY - JOUR
T1 - Typology of the ecological impacts of biological invasions
AU - Carneiro, Laís
AU - Leroy, Boris
AU - Capinha, César
AU - Bradshaw, Corey J. A.
AU - Bertolino, Sandro
AU - Catford, Jane A.
AU - Camacho-Cervantes, Morelia
AU - Bojko, Jamie
AU - Klippel, Gabriel
AU - Kumschick, Sabrina
AU - Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
AU - Tonkin, Jonathan D.
AU - Fath, Brian D.
AU - South, Josie
AU - Manfrini, Eléna
AU - Dallas, Tad
AU - Courchamp, Franck
PY - 2025/6
Y1 - 2025/6
N2 - Biological invasions alter ecosystems by disrupting ecological processes that can degrade biodiversity, harm human health, and cause massive economic bur-dens. Existing frameworks to classify the ecological impacts either miss many types of impact or conflate mechanisms (causes) with the impacts themselves (consequences). We propose a comprehensive typology of 19 types of ecologi-cal impact across six levels of ecological organisation. This allows more accurate diagnosis of the cause of impact and can help triage management options to tackle each impact–mechanism combination. We integrated the typology with broad ecological concepts such as energy, mass, and information flow and stor-age. By highlighting cascading effects across multiple levels, this typology pro-vides a clearer framework for documenting, and communicating invasion impacts, thereby improving management and research.
AB - Biological invasions alter ecosystems by disrupting ecological processes that can degrade biodiversity, harm human health, and cause massive economic bur-dens. Existing frameworks to classify the ecological impacts either miss many types of impact or conflate mechanisms (causes) with the impacts themselves (consequences). We propose a comprehensive typology of 19 types of ecologi-cal impact across six levels of ecological organisation. This allows more accurate diagnosis of the cause of impact and can help triage management options to tackle each impact–mechanism combination. We integrated the typology with broad ecological concepts such as energy, mass, and information flow and stor-age. By highlighting cascading effects across multiple levels, this typology pro-vides a clearer framework for documenting, and communicating invasion impacts, thereby improving management and research.
KW - invasive species
KW - non-native species
KW - environmental effect
KW - ecological impact
KW - ecological impact classification
KW - impact type
KW - invasive alien species
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105003661120&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.tree.2025.03.010
DO - 10.1016/j.tree.2025.03.010
M3 - Article
SN - 0169-5347
VL - 40
SP - 563
EP - 574
JO - Trends in Ecology and Evolution
JF - Trends in Ecology and Evolution
IS - 6
ER -
