TY - JOUR
T1 - Unconditional and conditional incentives differentially improved general practitioners' participation in an online survey: Randomized controlled trial
AU - Young, Jane
AU - O'Halloran, Anna
AU - McAulay, Claire
AU - Pirotta, Marie
AU - Forsdike, Kirsty
AU - Stacey, Ingrid
AU - Currow, David
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Objectives To compare the impact of unconditional and conditional financial incentives on response rates among Australian general practitioners invited by mail to participate in an online survey about cancer care and to investigate possible differential response bias between incentive groups. Study Design and Setting Australian general practitioners were randomly allocated to unconditional incentive (book voucher mailed with letter of invitation), conditional incentive (book voucher mailed on completion of the online survey), or control (no incentive). Nonresponders were asked to complete a small subset of questions from the online survey. Results Among 3,334 eligible general practitioners, significantly higher response rates were achieved in the unconditional group (167 of 1,101, 15%) compared with the conditional group (118 of 1,111, 11%) (P = 0.0014), and both were significantly higher than the control group (74 of 1,122, 7%; both P < 0.001). Although more positive opinions about cancer care were expressed by online responders compared with nonresponders, there was no evidence that the magnitude of difference varied by the incentive group. The incremental cost for each additional 1% increase above the control group response rate was substantially higher for the unconditional incentive group compared with the conditional incentive group. Conclusion Both unconditional and conditional financial incentives significantly increased response with no evidence of differential response bias. Although unconditional incentives had the largest effect, the conditional approach was more cost-effective.
AB - Objectives To compare the impact of unconditional and conditional financial incentives on response rates among Australian general practitioners invited by mail to participate in an online survey about cancer care and to investigate possible differential response bias between incentive groups. Study Design and Setting Australian general practitioners were randomly allocated to unconditional incentive (book voucher mailed with letter of invitation), conditional incentive (book voucher mailed on completion of the online survey), or control (no incentive). Nonresponders were asked to complete a small subset of questions from the online survey. Results Among 3,334 eligible general practitioners, significantly higher response rates were achieved in the unconditional group (167 of 1,101, 15%) compared with the conditional group (118 of 1,111, 11%) (P = 0.0014), and both were significantly higher than the control group (74 of 1,122, 7%; both P < 0.001). Although more positive opinions about cancer care were expressed by online responders compared with nonresponders, there was no evidence that the magnitude of difference varied by the incentive group. The incremental cost for each additional 1% increase above the control group response rate was substantially higher for the unconditional incentive group compared with the conditional incentive group. Conclusion Both unconditional and conditional financial incentives significantly increased response with no evidence of differential response bias. Although unconditional incentives had the largest effect, the conditional approach was more cost-effective.
KW - General practice
KW - Health professionals
KW - Participation incentives
KW - Randomized controlled trial
KW - Response rates
KW - Surveys
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84928926905&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.013
DO - 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.013
M3 - Article
SN - 0895-4356
VL - 68
SP - 693
EP - 697
JO - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
JF - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
IS - 6
ER -