Understanding normal seasonal variations in upper-limb size, volume and fluid distribution in a healthy female population: a North Queensland study

This study set out to determine whether or not variations in upper limb arm size, volume or fluid distribution occur in response to heat and humidity, as it varies with the seasons in healthy females. Data collection took place in spring, summer and winter, with results showing a significant relationship between seasonal climate variation and limb size, with significant decreases in summer and winter when compared to spring. No relationship was found between seasonal climate variation and limb volume or fluid distribution. This study also describes normal variation in limb size with seasonal change in a tropical environment. This provides baseline data for future research comparing the effect of seasonal change in at-risk populations, such as those with lymphoedema and vascular conditions.