Vortex Fluidic Mediated Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanoparticle/MXene Composites

Oxidation of MXene in a vortex fluidic device (VFD) operating under continuous flow results in exfoliation and fragmentation into nanoparticles of surface oxidised 2D material with further oxidation of the nanoparticles into anatase (TiO₂). These MXene and anatase nanoparticles co-assemble into stable micron sized spheres which are topologically smooth, decorating the surface of exfoliated MXene. The formation of this composite material in the dynamic thin film in the VFD was optimised by systematically exploring the operating parameters of the microfluidic platform, determined at 45° tilt angle for the 20 mm diameter glass tube spinning at 5k rpm, with a flow rate of a colloidal dispersion of MXene in aqueous H₂O₂ (30%) at 0.75 mL/min at a concentration of MXene of 0.5 mg/mL.