What makes oncology nurses and registered nurses motivated to work in oncology specialty: a qualitative interview study

Background: Oncology nursing in Saudi Arabia faces unique challenges, including a shortage of local nurses, cultural and linguistic barriers, and insufficient support systems. Understanding the factors that motivate, and challenge oncology nurses is crucial to addressing these issues and improving retention. Objectives: This study aims to explore the motivations and challenges of oncology nurses and registered nurses in Saudi Arabia, focusing on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing their work in the oncology specialty. Methods: A qualitative exploratory descriptive approach was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 19 participants, including oncology registered nurses (ORNs) and registered nurses (RNs) from various specialties at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh. The data were examined through thematic analysis to uncover patterns and insights related to the participants’ experiences. Results: The study identified four primary themes: advantages of working in oncology, psychological difficulties, structural barriers, and workplace conditions affecting job satisfaction. Nurses reported a sense of achievement and personal fulfillment as key motivators. However, they also faced significant psychological challenges, including emotional exhaustion and inadequate psychological support. Structural barriers such as lack of specialized training and career pathways, as well as dissatisfaction with the salary scale, were major deterrents. Communication barriers and high workloads further reduced job satisfaction. Conclusions: This study, the first of its kind in Saudi Arabia, highlights the complex interplay of factors influencing oncology nurses' experiences. Addressing these issues through targeted interventions, improved training programs, competitive salaries, and better psychological support can enhance job satisfaction and retention of oncology nurses in Saudi Arabia.