TY - JOUR
T1 - Wheat grain quality under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations in a semi-arid cropping system
AU - Fernando, Nimesha
AU - Panozzo, Joe
AU - Tausz, Michael
AU - Norton, Robert
AU - Fitzgerald, Glenn
AU - Myers, Samuel
AU - Walker, Cassandra
AU - Stangoulis, James
AU - Seneweera, Saman
PY - 2012/11
Y1 - 2012/11
N2 - We investigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain quality under Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) of 550 ± 10% CO 2 μmol mol -1. In each of two full growing seasons (2008 and 2009), two times of sowing were compared, with late sowing designed to mimic high temperature during grain filling. Grain samples were subjected to a range of physical, nutritional and rheological quality assessments. Elevated CO 2 increased thousand grain weight (8%) and grain diameter (5%). Flour protein concentration was reduced by 11% at e[CO 2], with the highest reduction being observed at the late time of sowing in 2009, (15%). Most of the grain mineral concentrations decreased under e[CO 2] - Ca (11%), Mg (7%), P (11%) and S (7%), Fe (10%), Zn (17%), Na (19%), while total uptake of these nutrients per unit ground area increased. Rheological properties of the flour were altered by e[CO 2] and bread volume reduced by 7%. Phytate concentration in grains tended to decrease (17%) at e[CO 2] while grain fructan concentration remained unchanged. The data suggest that rising atmospheric [CO 2] will reduce the nutritional and rheological quality of wheat grain, but at high temperature, e[CO 2] effects may be moderated. Reduced phytate concentrations at e[CO 2] may improve bioavailability of Fe and Zn in wheat grain.
AB - We investigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain quality under Free Air CO 2 Enrichment (FACE) of 550 ± 10% CO 2 μmol mol -1. In each of two full growing seasons (2008 and 2009), two times of sowing were compared, with late sowing designed to mimic high temperature during grain filling. Grain samples were subjected to a range of physical, nutritional and rheological quality assessments. Elevated CO 2 increased thousand grain weight (8%) and grain diameter (5%). Flour protein concentration was reduced by 11% at e[CO 2], with the highest reduction being observed at the late time of sowing in 2009, (15%). Most of the grain mineral concentrations decreased under e[CO 2] - Ca (11%), Mg (7%), P (11%) and S (7%), Fe (10%), Zn (17%), Na (19%), while total uptake of these nutrients per unit ground area increased. Rheological properties of the flour were altered by e[CO 2] and bread volume reduced by 7%. Phytate concentration in grains tended to decrease (17%) at e[CO 2] while grain fructan concentration remained unchanged. The data suggest that rising atmospheric [CO 2] will reduce the nutritional and rheological quality of wheat grain, but at high temperature, e[CO 2] effects may be moderated. Reduced phytate concentrations at e[CO 2] may improve bioavailability of Fe and Zn in wheat grain.
KW - Bread quality
KW - Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE)
KW - Grain quality
KW - Nutrient and anti-nutrient factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84868204393&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.07.010
DO - 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.07.010
M3 - Article
SN - 0733-5210
VL - 56
SP - 684
EP - 690
JO - Journal of Cereal Science
JF - Journal of Cereal Science
IS - 3
ER -